Leo’s Grade 8 I&S Summative Assessment legacy

First, I hate hegemonies.

Second, this is my Grade 8 SA ‘vestige’.

Third, please have a look 🙂

The fall of the Ottoman Empire
(News report)
Leo Muzhen Li
Introduction
It was a cold winter afternoon in Istanbul in 1705. After a heavy shower, the air was
moist, and the street was wet, there were a great many unemployed people sitting on
the street. What engaged my curiosity is that beside them there are packed cases and
bags. And they seemed so depressed. The buildings on the street was old and
shabby…
Is this the Ottoman Empire? Where is its prosperity? What had happened? A financial
crisis? Or a serious economic problem? What’s the social environment in the Ottoman
Empire? Will the social environment continue to deteriorate? …
‘Unemployed, unpaid, no job, these is one of those days.’
After entering a small alley, a thief were escorted by two Ottoman Empire policemen,
the reporters then approached him and made an interview. From the thief we learn that
the he used to be a merchant who trade with the Dutch and the British, but economic
difficulties started to plague the Ottoman Turkey Empire in the late 16 century when
the Dutch and the British Empire close the prosperous trading rote in Middle East, the
prosperity of the empire declined and the era of an overwhelming empire faded away,
inflation was serious in the Ottoman empire due to economy lost, unbalance trading
in East and West, precious materials and metal from America colonies. Debasing
coinage, rapid increase in tax and payment, resorting confiscations has cause chaos
and confusion in the society, most of the salary workers found them unpaid or less
paid, in respond theft and corruption has constantly haunted the empire’s society,
economic institutions and government departments. The merchant became a worker,
then became a hobo in Istanbul and Mecca, in 1699 his life time collection was
confiscated, he then became a thief and commit a series of crime. (britannica.com)
By and large, economic difficulty (like unbalance economic trade and domestic
economic inflation) is one of those significant factor which topple the Ottoman
Empire’s society and broke down its Governing system.
Report:
(Q: reporter, A: thief)
Q: How is your country’s society?
A: (whispering) it is horrifying, I used to be a merchant, 5 years ago the Dutch leave
me behind, two years the employer paid me my last salary and then…abandoned me, I
lost all my collection and my prize possession as two…two policemen passed by me
(one policeman: shut up!), they throw all the golden coins into their own pocket and
tell the tax official that I didn’t pay anything, even a single coin! It is when I realized
that this country is dying. I could understand those who corrupts, they didn’t have
money ether. Today no one owns a lot except those ministries who ravish and exploit
the hard-won possession of people. (britannica.com)
Q: What do you think of those ministries?
A: those fat turkeys! Liberace Ibericos! They are those who consume but didn’t
produce. Corruption is serious and, what exactly I tell you, is corruption and
corruption and corruption and again, corruption. When we starve, those ministries
with beer bellies are drinking and, every drop of wine disappearing in their throat is
our money, is the condense of our misery, our life and our soul.
Q: then why didn’t you escape from this country? (britannica.com)
A: your know, the Ottoman Empire has a horrible external relationship with Russia,
Hungary, if you demand that you are a Turk, you are more likely to suffer a good
beating, the foreigners are hostile towards us. (britannica.com)
Q: Will you cherish the hope that one day the Empire would recover?
A: No.
(10 minute Pause)
Q: Why?
A: Because you know, I could see that broke down in governing system and lose of
ordinary people would result in more failure which eventually contributes to the fall
of Ottoman Empire…to me, unemployed, unpaid, theft, no jobs, it is just one of those
days, I think this empire would decline and broke down in three to five centuries.
Reporter: Thanks, good luck.
Thief: Good luck.
End.
(Ahhhh!!!!)
(The Kruz 1 time traveler jumped to another era)
Conflicts and independence
a.
Greece independence
fig. from (newworldencyclopedia.org)
This is a painting which describes the Greece gaining independence from the Ottoman
Empire, actually it depict “The battle of Vassilika” on August 25th, 1821. This is the
first war which Greece gain independence from Ottoman Empire, the war marked the
prelude of Greece’s long way towards independence, Greece used to be part of the
Ottoman Empire since the great expansion of the Ottoman turkey Empire from Balkan
to the Mediterranean sea, because the Ottoman empire consists of different nations,
different races and strict social hierarchy, so different groups held different opinions
and different believe, conflicts continue to take place in the empire. Like professor
Michael A Reynold said: Homogeneous societies democratize more easily than
heterogeneous) ones. There are nations who want to gain more autonomous rights and
even segregate from the Empire, they are condemn by the authority but, some exotic
force would support those nationalists, like Russia and Hungary support in Balkan
nationalist who wish to seek way which lead to independence, of course they do. On
July 21st, the Greece prevailed and was liberated, or we could rationally speaking, gain
their independence. In addition, many religious rumbled and cause large chaos in a
：
certain region. (newworldencyclopedia.org)(history.com)
Here is an interview of an Ottoman major who took part in suppressing the Greece
nationalists in 1821.
Q
What’s your position in the war between Greece and the Ottoman Empire?
A: As for a military officer, I only submit to the great Ottoman turkey empire, rationally
speaking the Greece demand rights, because it is us that conquered Greece. As for me,
it is hard to tell, it is quite hard to make a choice between submitting to an old evil
empire I’m servicing and support a new born country which deserve its right, but my
give rise to the broke down of the Ottoman Empire I’m submitting to.
Q: How do you think of the Ottoman Empire’s disappearing territory?
A: Well (sine), most of them are the product of expansion and conquering. The more
you acquired, one day the more you lost, because the more you gain, the more ours
jealous your so-called prize possessions. They want to possess, if they didn’t, they want
to destroy it, Greece gone, what about others?
Q: Will other province in the Empire gain their independence?
A: Maybe…yes, in the future, we are more likely to see more and more countries
appearing in Mediterranean, Europe and Middle East. And a…pool little turkey.
Reporter: thanks for your participation.
Major: It is my pleasure to take this interview.
In conclusion, if one empire consists of different nations and different race, and
different nations held different believe and eventually, the empire would broke down
due to the constant holy wars, religious conflicts (like the Christianity) and nationalism
thrive. The country or empire would lack cohesive and broke down. Ottoman Empire
is one of those examples.
(Kurz 1 going on, to World War I 1914 to 1918,)
Goodbye, Ottoman Empire.
Fig G.1.1
It was November 12, 1916, a regiment was trooping back to Istanbul, they seemed
depressed and tired, it is quite bothering that they only have light weapons such as rifles
with them, and to be worse, a deluge came, bring moist and dirty air which contain
bacteria.
During World War I, Ottoman Empire fights the ANZAC and American troops on the
Balkan Peninsula. They fight brutally and bloody, but they eventually lose this war in
1918 and lost half of their soldiers in the battles and wars. As for many history
evidences, it is World War I that topple the Ottoman Empire. As for the defeat of the
Ottoman Empire, there are a two significant reasons to be considered.
a.
Ottoman Empire was too agrarian, which meanings it can’t manufacture enough
heavy weapon for the war, the empire didn’t own many industries as the western
countries do, so during a battle, they are more likely to take guns and knives and
charge at their enemy. here is an analysis of the image G.1.1:
In this primary source (a photograph), the troop only has rifles and steal knives with
them, unlike England, France, Germany or Russia, who has tanks, heavy guns,
airplanes, battle ship, submarine or even gas and germs to fight with the soldiers,
the factories could only afford light weapons and a few heavy guns during the WWI,
as others are setting up air raid or tank fight, the Ottoman troop are fighting the
enemy using rifles and guns. This has shown the weakness of the Ottoman industry.
b.
Ottoman Empire has chosen the wrong side during the WWI, They choose to have
alliance with Germany, when the war draws to its end, the German army was
defeated and all of its alliance will be regarded as the vanquished country in the war.
This tile has affect the Ottoman troop and people who support the Ottoman troop.
And the defeat in the war has led to the further broke down in economic and politic,
the last Sultan Mehmed IV was abolished and, this is the end of the Ottoman turkey
Empire. (history.com)(britannica.com)
An interview with an Ottoman politic profession (1914) and an America solider (1917):
An interview with an Ottoman politic profession:
Q: do you think the Ottoman Empire regiments would prevail during the war?
A: I don’t really think so, you see, the western countries are using tanks, airplanes and
heavy guns, even Gas, what do we have? The rifles? The Bayonet? Or the gun which…I
don’t know what to say, the industries in our empire is so weak that we could hardly
produce nothing in the westerners’ eyes, we are too agrarian, we didn’t focus on the
military industry, today’s war isn’t about men’s fight using fists and guns, it is about
advanced technology.
Q: If Ottoman Empire know its weakness in war, then why don’t they developed the
military industry?
A
：
(Smile) Our economic is too weak, and we have to sell our farm surplus to our
creditors, like Russia or England, we got nothing left to develop our military industries.
Q: What is the impact on Ottoman Empire during the war?
A: During the wars, we will suffer more economic problems, most of the men are send
to fight the American troops, which means we would lack human resources to undertake
manufacture works and weapon production, war is the biggest barrier which blocks the
economic process., in addition we are Islamic countries, women are strict to undertake
men’s work, ethic problems would occur when we let the women to work.
Q: Are there any impacts on Ottoman Empire in the war?
A: From the politic perspective, we are going to lose more diplomatic relationships with
other western countries, we fight with them, and we killed soldiers and shatter their
families, in the future more country would be hostile towards us. And it would be hard
for Ottoman Empire to survive in the international stage.
Q: Will the Ottoman Empire survive After the WWI?
A: No, definitely no, the economic crisis has continued to exist in 4 centuries, and
during the four centuries the conflicts and the loss of the territories continue to take
place. And here came a war, what are we doing? Watching the great sun disappear in
the far distance? Or there is a possibility that we are going on, be on one’s last legs
Pause.
Reporter: thank you for your participant.

Politic profession: It is my honor.
An interview with an American soldier.
Q: How do you think of the Ottoman soldiers?
A: Well, they are brave, but sometimes they didn’t have any good weapon available, I
think they incline close fight or fist fight.
Q: Do Ottoman soldiers have advanced weapons?
A: Not really, most of them would use rifle, bomb… just something like that, we visited
their abandoned factory once, and they only produce rifle and light weapon…our
brigade used to heard that the Ottoman troop has air-force, sure they did.
Q: How do the captured Ottoman soldiers feel as they lived with your regiment?
A: It is hard to use human language to describe their expression, they are totally
impressed and…they could hardly believe our live in the regiment.
Q
：
Will the Ottoman soldiers obey your regiment’s order?
A: they do, even those Ottoman soldier ran off from their regiment and unit, just for us,
they gave us useful information, I think when they are recruit soldiers, the soldiers
might feel reluctantly to serve a dying empire.
Q: Do you believe in these tables?
(from history.com)
Pause.
A: Of cause I do. During many actions, our regiment killed hundreds of Ottoman
soldiers, they lack advanced weapons as I mentioned in your first question. We saved
many Ottoman soldiers from Trench Fever, Typhus, but some of them died, it remind
me something, there are still so much under the Ottoman army! Even those who are
cared by our nurses and Medic could die, what about those who care by the Ottoman
military hospital?
Q: Do you think your countries would prevail in this war?
A: Yes, you know, a man with gun is dealing with a sick wild camel, who would prevail?
Reporter: thank you for your participant.
Soldier: you are welcome. (history.com)(britannica.com)
(Kurz 1 back to 2023 Ocac)
Conclusion
Not only do economic problem, ministry corruption, high taxes topple the Ottoman
Empire, so do the social chaos and the thriving nationalism and conflicts between
different groups in the Ottoman Empire, a significant example is the Greece’s
independence, holy wars between Christianity and Islam, conflicts between nations and
nations, heterogeneous races, etc.
Exterior force also led to the downfall of the Ottoman Empire, like the Russian and the
Hungary support the nationalist on the Balkan Peninsula, Ottoman Empire is the
Neighborhood of Russia, and conflicts any wars are frequent on the border, diplomatic
relationship continued to deteriorate in the late 17 century until the First World War.
If the Ottoman Empire continued to exist after WWI, it would fade away in the torrent
of history because it has faced a series of political problem, diplomatic aggravation and
for the most, the domestic economical problem. But the Ottoman Empire didn’t, it was
tiled as the vanquished country in 1919 because it loss the WWI.
In conclusion, the broke down of a country’s interior and exterior force is due to
economic, social, political and diplomatically relationship. In today’s rapidly shifting
international stage, we should remember the Ottoman turkey Empire, as one of those
examples.
Sources (article):
https://www.britannica.com/place/Ottoman-Empire
https://www.history.com/news/ottoman-empire-fall
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/
Sources (images):
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of%20Independence%20%281821%E2%80%931829%29%2C%20also%20commonly,by%20the%20Treaty%20o
f%20Constantinople%20in%20July%201832.
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contemporary-wood-engraving-christian-christians-insurgency-rebellion-insurgencies-revolts-rebellions-in
revolt-insurrection-insurgent-insurgents-revolter-revolters-rebel-rebels-battle-battles-fight-fights-struggle
struggles-military-soldiers-soldier-turks-the-balkans-great-eastern-crisis-crisis-crises-people-19th-century
uprising-rising-uprisings-encounter-encounters-ottoman-ottoman-empire-historic-additional-rights-clearance
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Articles:
1.
https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/war_losses_ottoman_empiremiddle_east
MLA Citation:
Article:
1. Yapp, M. E., & Shaw, S. J. (2023, October 29). Ottoman Empire | Facts, History, & Map. Encyclopedia
Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Ottoman-Empire
2. War Losses (Ottoman Empire/Middle East) | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1). (n.d.).
https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/war_losses_ottoman_empiremiddle_east.
3. Kiger, P. J. (2023, July 6). Six reasons why the Ottoman Empire fell. HISTORY.
https://www.history.com/news/ottoman-empire-fall
4. Research begins here – New World Encyclopedia. (n.d.). https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/
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in-revolt-insurrection-insurgent-insurgents-revolter-revolters-rebel-rebels-battle-battles-fight-fights
struggle-struggles-military-soldiers-soldier-turks-the-balkans-great-eastern-crisis-crisis-crises-people
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